Integration of Heat Consumers into Green Heating Networks – Municipal Control Instruments

Municipalities have a range of urban planning instruments at their disposal to integrate as many heat consumers as possible into a green ‘local heating network’. This paper first outlines the various instruments available within the framework of a development plan and highlights the limits arising from the constitutional protection of existing buildings (Article 14 of the Basic Law). It then describes how an urban development contract can increase the density of connections to a local heating network, though with the caveat that the municipality is always dependent on the willing participation of potential contract partners with this approach. Finally, the paper considers the implications of an obligation to connect to and use a municipal heating network, examining the requirements that must be met as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this option.