This paper provides an overview on the legal questions that arise with the use of ammonia as shipping fuel. For this purpose, it presents the legal means regarding the feasibility of ammonia as shipping fuel. Further, it examines the regulatory framework for ammonia bunker stations as critical onshore infrastructure. It also considers the offshore regulations for the use of ammonia as shipping fuel by examining the legal framework for the admission of ammonia-powered inland waterway vessels.

Within the Campfire project, the construction of an electrolyser and an ammonia production plant is planned, which will be supplied with renewably generated electricity. For this purpose, several wind turbines and a solar field are to be erected on the planned site or in a spatial context. The study analyses the legal requirements for this plant combination and examines whether privileges or even exemptions from state-induced charges and levies can be considered. In the second part of the study, the legal requirements for the approval of the ammonia production plant are identified and the necessary steps for the approval procedure are presented.

This study analyses the onshore legal framework for ammonia bunker stations to supply fuel for the shipping sector. Legal barriers to the construction and operation of ammonia bunker stations are identified. This provides recommendations for action and further development proposals for the legal framework with which identified barriers can be overcome. The study focuses on the legal framework for the authorisation and operation of ammonia bunker stations and on aspects of public procurement law regarding the licensing of the construction and operation of ammonia bunker stations.

The CAMPFIRE research project is an initiative of the WIR! - Wandel durch Innovation in der Region programme of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The aim of the project is to develop new energy conversion and storage technologies based on electroceramic thin-film membranes.

The screening is to focus on analysing the legal, political and economic framework conditions for CAMPFIRE technologies. Based on the legal status quo, the market potential of the membranes for the implementation phase is to be determined for the application fields (e.g. RE or PtX plants), in which the use of electroceramic thin-film membranes is conceivable. This preliminary classification enables the alliance partners to focus research on individual fields of application at a very early stage and, accordingly, to create the prerequisites for a successful technological, economic and legal policy anchoring of the new technologies in the implementation phase.